Weaning Calves: Feeding Hay and Baleage After Milk

Weaning is one of the most important stages in raising healthy, productive cattle. It’s the transition from milk to a fully forage-based diet, and how you manage it can have long-term effects on calf growth, health, and future performance. Once calves are weaned off milk, feeding the right supplements is key to ensuring they keep growing strongly without setbacks.

When to Wean Calves

The timing of weaning is just as important as what you feed afterwards. Calves should only be weaned once they are ready to thrive without milk:

• Age – Most calves are weaned between 8–12 weeks of age.

• Weight – A good target is at least 85–100 kg liveweight, depending on breed.

• Feed intake – Calves should be eating at least 1 kg of meal or hard feed per day for several days in a row before milk is removed.

• Rumen development – Look for signs such as calves chewing cud, showing interest in hay/grass, and passing firm dung.

Weaning too early can set calves back, while weaning too late can make them lazy eaters and slow to adjust. The key is to make sure they’re strong enough and eating well before milk is taken away.

Feeding Hay After Weaning

Hay is an essential part of the weaning diet because it encourages rumen development and provides the fibre needed for healthy digestion.

• Quality counts – Choose leafy, green hay that isn’t too stalky or weather-damaged. Young calves won’t thrive on low-quality, stemmy hay.

• Ad lib access – Provide hay freely so calves can nibble whenever they want. This helps reduce stress and keeps them occupied, which is especially important in the first few days post-weaning.

• Pair with meal or pellets – If calves have been on meal pre-weaning, continue feeding it alongside hay for a smoother transition.

Feeding Baleage After Weaning

Baleage (or silage) is a fantastic energy source for weaned calves, particularly when grass quality is low.

• Palatability – Calves generally take to baleage well because of its softer texture and sweet smell.

• Introduce gradually – Start with small amounts to let calves adjust, as sudden changes in feed can upset their stomachs.

• Watch the quality – Only feed good, sweet-smelling baleage. Avoid bales that are mouldy or wet with poor fermentation.

• Balance with hay – Because baleage is high in energy but lower in fibre than hay, offering both together gives calves the best of both worlds.

Practical Tips for Success

• Fresh water – Always ensure clean water is available; calves on dry feeds will drink more.

• Consistent feeding – Keep feed available and avoid sudden changes in type or quantity.

• Observation – Keep an eye on calves during the first 2–3 weeks after weaning. A shiny coat, full bellies, and steady weight gain are all good signs.

Final Thoughts

Weaning doesn’t have to be a stressful time if calves are supported with the right nutrition. High-quality hay and baleage, fed consistently and in balance, help fill the gap left by milk and set young cattle up for strong growth and good health.