Spot the Signs: Healthy vs Unhealthy Cattle & Sheep

Being able to quickly spot the difference between a healthy and an unhealthy animal is key to managing your herd or flock efficiently. Early detection can save time, reduce vet bills, and avoid stock losses. Here are the signs to keep an eye on:

Signs of a Healthy Animal 

• Bright, alert, and responsive – Ears up, eyes clear, curious behaviour.

• Smooth, shiny coat or fleece – Indicates good nutrition and general health.

• Normal eating and rumination – Regular grazing, cud chewing in cattle.

• Steady weight gain – Animals should maintain or gain condition, not lose it.

• Firm, well-formed droppings – Not too dry or sloppy; consistent in appearance.

• Clear eyes and nose – No discharge, swelling, or cloudiness.

• Normal breathing – Quiet, steady, with no coughing or wheezing.

• Good mobility – Even gait, standing square, no signs of limping or stiffness.

• Regular social behaviour – Mixing with the mob, not isolating themselves.

• Pink, moist gums – A quick check in the mouth can show overall health.

Signs of an Unhealthy Animal

• Dull or listless behaviour – Head down, standing alone, unresponsive.

• Rough coat or patchy fleece – Can indicate parasites, poor nutrition, or illness.

• Loss of appetite or chewing cud less – A red flag for digestive issues.

• Weight loss or poor condition – Especially if noticeable over a short time.

• Runny or abnormal droppings – Scours in lambs/calves can lead to dehydration fast.

• Discharge from eyes, nose, or mouth – May point to respiratory or infectious disease.

• Laboured or rapid breathing – Panting, coughing, or nasal flaring.

• Lameness or reluctance to move – Watch for footrot in sheep or injuries in cattle.

• Isolation from the group – Often one of the first signs something's wrong.

• Pale or dry gums – Can signal dehydration, anaemia, or other systemic issues.

Yard Setup Tip:

Good handling systems help you monitor stock closely and safely. Make sure your cattle crush, head bail, and sheep yards allow for regular checks without stressing the animals.

Prevention is cheaper than cure. Use these signs as part of your regular stock checks to catch problems early and keep your animals in top condition.

Happy Farming

Euan